![]() ![]() In Studies II and IV, we used bivariate twin models to examine the role of genetic and environmental factors in the association of adult ADHD symptoms with alcohol dependence (II) and with binge eating (IV). ADHD in adults was strongly associated with alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence, illicit drug use and regular nicotine use, with no differences between ADHD subtypes and no apparent substance preference. Study I examined the phenotypic association between ADHD and various forms of SUD. We used twin methods to explore the role of genetic and environmental factors underlying ADHD symptoms and their comorbidities. In all four papers, we used population-based self-report data from twins aged 20–46 years from the Swedish Twin Registry. The overall aim of this thesis was to study adult ADHD symptoms in the population and investigate associations with substance use disorders (SUD) and binge eating. Genetic and environmental influences on ADHD symptoms in adults and their association with comorbid conditions are not fully understood. Previous research focusing on childhood ADHD identified high heritability. Research in past decades has demonstrated the persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into adulthood, but many questions regarding prevalence, causes, and comorbidities of ADHD in adults remain to be investigated. ![]() ![]() Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology Psychiatry Occupational Health and Environmental Health Other Medical Sciences not elsewhere specified Identifiers URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-130714 DOI: 10.1017/S0033291716001021 ISI: 000382567600016 PubMedID: 27376862 OAI: oai::liu-130714 DiVA, id: diva2:954248Ģ016 (English) Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic) Abstract 2637-2646Īdult ADHD childhood maltreatment environmental risk familial confounding twins National Category Place, publisher, year, edition, pagesCambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Clinicians treating adults with ADHD should be aware of the association with maltreatment. Our findings support cognitive neuroscience studies investigating neural pathways through which exposure to CM may influence ADHD. Associations were partly due to familial confounding, but also consistent with a causal interpretation. Re-traumatization after age 7 did not significantly influence results.ĬM was significantly associated with increased ADHD symptoms in adults. We conducted sensitivity analyses for early maltreatment, before age 7, and for abuse and neglect separately, and found similarly reduced estimates in DZ and MZ pairs. Similar results emerged for hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive ADHD symptom scores separately in association with CM. Within twin-pair analyses showed attenuated but significant estimates within DZ (0.29, 95% CI 0.21â∰.36) and MZ (0.18, 95% CI 0.10â∰.25) twin pairs. Possible familial confounding was investigated using a within twin-pair design based on monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins.ĬM was significantly associated with increased levels of ADHD symptom scores in adults. Retrospective self-ratings of CM (emotional and physical neglect, physical and sexual abuse and witnessing family violence), and self-ratings for DSM-IV ADHD symptoms in adulthood were analysed. It is, however, unclear whether this association is causal or due to familial confounding.ĭata from 18 168 adult twins, aged 20â∴6 years, were drawn from the population-based Swedish twin registry. 2637-2646 Article in journal (Refereed) Published Resource typeText Abstract Ĭhildhood maltreatment (CM) has been associated with increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. ADD can sometimes go unnoticed because the symptoms may be less obvious.Show others and affiliations 2016 (English) In: Psychological Medicine, ISSN 0033-2917, E-ISSN 1469-8978, Vol. This form of ADHD is also known as attention deficit disorder (ADD). Some people with ADHD have problems with inattentiveness, but not with hyperactivity or impulsiveness. you tend to do things on the spur of the moment, without thinking, which gets you into trouble.you feel restless or edgy, have difficulty turning your thoughts off.you easily get irritable, impatient or frustrated and lose your temper quickly.you're forgetful and tend to lose or misplace things.you fidget and can't sit still when there's nothing much going on.you find it hard to organise yourself – you start a lot of things without ever finishing them.it's hard to listen to other people – you may find yourself finishing their sentences for them or interrupting them.you get easily distracted and find it hard to notice details, particularly with things you find boring.If you're an adult with ADHD, you may find that: ![]()
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